{"id":1443,"date":"2013-10-09T14:49:25","date_gmt":"2013-10-09T14:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.foretiafoundation.org\/?p=1443"},"modified":"2019-11-20T08:58:22","modified_gmt":"2019-11-20T08:58:22","slug":"the-future-we-want-what-older-persons-are-saying-the-situation-in-cameroon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.foretiafoundation.org\/staging\/the-future-we-want-what-older-persons-are-saying-the-situation-in-cameroon\/","title":{"rendered":"“The future we want: what older persons are saying”. The Situation in Cameroon"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Fosso<\/a>

Fosso Yimga, Policy Intern<\/p><\/div>\n

Article published online at\u00a0http:\/\/bit.ly\/19zMwMw<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Selon la Constitution du Cameroun, la protection sociale des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es est une exigence de solidarit\u00e9 nationale : \u00ab la nation prot\u00e8ge les femmes, les jeunes, les personnes handicap\u00e9es et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es \u00bb. Par ailleurs, les dispositions du code civil et p\u00e9nal (article 180) et des avant-projets de code des personnes et de la famille, visent \u00e0 contraindre les enfants d\u00e9faillants \u00e0 s\u2019occuper de leurs parents \u00e2g\u00e9s. En outre, il est aussi important de noter que le droit social camerounais comporte un ensemble de textes organisant la protection sociale des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es admises \u00e0 faire valoir leur droit \u00e0 la retraite, notamment : la loi n\u00b069\/LF\/18 du 10 novembre 1969 instituant un r\u00e9gime d\u2019assurance de pension de vieillesse, d\u2019invalidit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9c\u00e8s, modifi\u00e9e par la loi n\u00b084 \/007 du 04 juillet 1984 ou le d\u00e9cret n\u00b077\/495 du 07 octobre 1994 portant statut g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la fonction publique qui organise le r\u00e9gime des pensions de l\u2019\u00c9tat servies aux agents publics retrait\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Selon le Recensement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Population et l\u2019Habitat (RGPH), la population du Cameroun en 2005 \u00e9tait de 17 463 836 habitants avec une faible population vieille et vieillissante (soit 5% de la population). En 2010, toujours selon le RGPH, on comptait 19 406 100 habitants et en 2013 (estimation au mois de juillet), on d\u00e9nombrait 20 549 221 habitants. Le rythme d\u2019accroissement annuel moyen de cet effectif \u00e9tant d\u2019environ 2,6% il n\u2019est pas \u00e9tonnant de voir que le nombre des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es d\u00e9passe le million.<\/p>\n

Cette situation est d\u2019autant plus alarmante lorsque le Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Nations Unies dans son message lors de la journ\u00e9e des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es ajoute : \u00ab D\u2019ici \u00e0 2050, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es seront deux fois plus nombreuses que les enfants dans les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, et il est pr\u00e9vu que leur nombre double dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement. Cette tendance va retentir en profondeur sur les pays et les individus\u00bb . Tendance que le Cameroun devrait pouvoir anticip\u00e9 d\u2019ici \u00e0 2035.<\/p>\n

Alors que la communaut\u00e9 internationale a c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 la journ\u00e9e internationale des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es dont le th\u00e8me pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2013 \u00e9tait \u00ab le futur que nous voulons : ce que disent les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es \u00bb, le Cameroun honorera \u00e0 cet \u00e9v\u00e8nement \u00e0 son tour, les 7et 8 Octobre prochains sous le th\u00e8me : \u00ab ce que disent les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es : le futur que nous envisageons \u00bb. Seulement, cette journ\u00e9e r\u00e9serv\u00e9e aux personnes du 3\u00e8me \u00e2ge au Cameroun semble plut\u00f4t se d\u00e9rouler sous un climat de paradoxe.<\/p>\n

En effet, alors que le Minist\u00e8re des Affaires Sociales a pour cette occasion, entrepris comme activit\u00e9s principales des campagnes de sant\u00e9 sur les maladies de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, le 17 Septembre dernier \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9, les personnes du 3\u00e8me \u00e2ge comme on les appelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sont descendues dans les rues de la capitale pour manifester leur m\u00e9contentement par rapport aux non paiements de leurs primes de reconversion suite \u00e0 leur licenciement apr\u00e8s la crise \u00e9conomique de 1990 o\u00f9 un peu plus de 48 soci\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es et parapubliques ont du fermer leurs portes.<\/p>\n

Ils \u00e9taient environ 4000 \u00e0 paralyser pendant des heures la circulation sur l\u2019axe principal qui passe par la radio nationale, le Minist\u00e8re des relations Ext\u00e9rieures et certaines banques dans la ville de Yaound\u00e9. Partis plusieurs jours \u00e0 l\u2019avance, sans prise en charge aucune et, venant pour la plupart des diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions du pays, c\u2019est devant ces banques et parfois devant le Minist\u00e8re des Finances qu\u2019ils passent leurs journ\u00e9es \u00e0 attendre et \u00e0 revendiquer \u00e0 grand bruit leurs droits.<\/p>\n

Aussi surprenant que cela puisse para\u00eetre, il semblerait bien que les besoins imm\u00e9diats de ces \u00ab seniors \u00bb sont mal ou sous \u00e9valu\u00e9s au vue des plaintes incessantes de ceux-ci, souvent mal interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s et mal compris. \u00ab 25 ans d\u2019attente, c\u2019est trop ! \u00bb, \u00ab Nous r\u00e9clamons le paiement int\u00e9gral et imm\u00e9diat du reliquat de tous nos droits sociaux \u00bb sont autant de revendications qu\u2019on pouvait lire sur leurs pancartes, devant le Minist\u00e8re des Finances. C\u2019est \u00e0 se demander si l\u2019avenir comme \u00e9nonc\u00e9 par le th\u00e8me de cette journ\u00e9e qui est, rappelons le : \u00ab l\u2019avenir que nous voulons : ce que disent les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es\u00bb, passe v\u00e9ritablement par ce que \u00ab disent et pensent \u00bb les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es au Cameroun ; quand on voit ce qu\u2019est leur situation sociale, et quand on sait que si elles venaient \u00e0 disparaitre ce serait une perte \u00e9norme pour l\u2019\u00e9mergence du Cameroun en 2035.<\/p>\n

Selon cette citation c\u00e9l\u00e8bre de l\u2019\u00e9crivain Malien HAMPATE B\u00c2 qui dit que : \u00ab un vieillard qui meurt c\u2019est une biblioth\u00e8que qui br\u00fble \u00bb, sans doute parce que la vieillesse est symbole de sagesse, de maturit\u00e9, de savoirs, savoir-faire bref de grandes comp\u00e9tences. Voir que ceux-ci sont l\u00e9s\u00e9s et rel\u00e9gu\u00e9s au second plan ne peut rendre les choses meilleures parce que lorsqu\u2019ils meurent, ils s\u2019en vont avec toutes leurs comp\u00e9tences sans les avoir transmis au pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la jeune g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. Ce qui interpelle les Gouvernements du monde entier et surtout de celui du Cameroun o\u00f9, la situation socio-\u00e9conomique des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es semble inqui\u00e9ter de moins en moins. Pourtant, au m\u00eame titre que les femmes et les enfants, ce sont des personnes \u00ab vuln\u00e9rables \u00bb, \u00e0 cause de leur incapacit\u00e9 physique \u00e0 faire face aux \u00e9preuves et exigences de la vie sociale.<\/p>\n

Leur situation au Cameroun fait \u00e9tat d\u2019un pass\u00e9 plus ou moins radieux, d\u2019un pr\u00e9sent incertain et d\u2019un futur plut\u00f4t pr\u00e9occupant. On dirait une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans laquelle les valeurs traditionnelles de solidarit\u00e9 familiale ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ger pour c\u00e9der la place aux valeurs de modernit\u00e9, o\u00f9 la notion de famille au sens large se r\u00e9duit progressivement \u00e0 celle de la famille nucl\u00e9aire ou famille conjugale. Or en Afrique, il n\u2019en \u00e9tait pas ainsi auparavant. Le respect des valeurs traditionnelles existait de m\u00eame que les exigences affectives de solidarit\u00e9 familiale qui \u00e9taient reconnues, respect\u00e9es et appliqu\u00e9es par tous les membres. Cependant, de plus en plus, la d\u00e9gradation des m\u0153urs sociales caus\u00e9e par les mutations de l\u2019environnement externe (technologie, soci\u00e9t\u00e9, pens\u00e9e etc.) fait en sorte qu\u2019on ne reconnaisse m\u00eame plus cette sagesse et exp\u00e9rience qu\u2019on retrouve chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et qui, autrefois ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 construire le Cameroun et \u00e0 lui donner son statut et son identit\u00e9 en tant que Nation de Paix.<\/p>\n

Victimes de mauvais traitements, d\u2019attitudes n\u00e9gatives, marginalis\u00e9s et souvent exclus dans la prise de d\u00e9cision inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 leur situation sociale, il est \u00e9vident que les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es au Cameroun sont v\u00e9ritablement un groupe au seuil de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9. Ils font les frais d\u2019une politique de protection sociale assez faible et assez limit\u00e9. Ainsi, pour un Cameroun qui se veut \u00e9mergent en 2035, et selon le th\u00e8me propos\u00e9 pour cette ann\u00e9e, il est de bon ton qu\u2019on int\u00e8gre les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es dans les politiques, strat\u00e9gies et objectifs de la vision de l\u2019\u00e9mergence du Cameroun; s\u2019il est vrai que leurs avis comptent pour le futur que nous envisageons.<\/p>\n

Il ne s\u2019agit pas de restreindre cette journ\u00e9e \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s \u00ab r\u00e9duites \u00bb de campagnes de sant\u00e9 ou encore de distribution des produits de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour ces \u00ab s\u00e9niors \u00bb mais il s\u2019agit par-dessus tout, de consulter ces \u00ab sages \u00bb afin qu\u2019ils exposent leurs strat\u00e9gies pour aider le Cameroun \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper \u00e9conomiquement et \u00e0 construire un futur rayonnant.<\/p>\n

Il faudrait penser \u00e0 anticiper \u00e0 chaque fois sur leurs besoins essentiels. En d\u2019autres termes, il s\u2019agit de bien penser aux mesures de prise en charge des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es lorsqu\u2019elles sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9es de leurs r\u00e9gions, d\u00e9partement voire communes respectives (dans le cas du paiement des primes de reconversion par exemple). C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire, qu\u2019il faut pr\u00e9voir un budget pour leur nutrition, h\u00e9bergement, prise en charge sanitaire etc. m\u00eame apr\u00e8s le paiement de leurs primes.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est en cela que l\u2019intervention du renforcement des r\u00e9gimes non-contributifs de protection sociale, qui s\u2019effectue au travers de transferts r\u00e9guliers de revenus ou en nature pour les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es dans les diff\u00e9rentes collectivit\u00e9s d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es est un moyen pertinent pour \u00ab capitaliser \u00bb sur la capacit\u00e9 des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es \u00e0 apporter leur pierre dans la construction de la vision de l\u2019\u00e9mergence du Cameroun.<\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne le non paiement des primes de reconversion, tenant compte de leur \u00e9tat physique faible, on pourrait renvoyer les fonds dans diverses banques ou micro-finances des diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions du pays pour faciliter l\u2019entr\u00e9e en possession de leurs droits, tout en assurant une large diffusion de l\u2019information, si possible dans diff\u00e9rentes langues nationales.\u00a0Il est aussi n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019intensifier et diversifier les campagnes de sensibilisation et d\u2019information publique, dans le but d\u2019approfondir la culture de la solidarit\u00e9 interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelle par le biais du Minist\u00e8re des Affaires Sociales (MINAS).<\/p>\n

Une telle soci\u00e9t\u00e9 serait une collectivit\u00e9 au sein de laquelle, non seulement la hi\u00e9rarchie entre membres de diff\u00e9rentes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations est encore vivace, mais aussi la place et le statut privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es en raison de leur sagesse et de leur exp\u00e9rience, seraient favorablement \u00e9tablis. Ce serait une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 que nous r\u00eavons o\u00f9 il y aurait une meilleure int\u00e9gration des avis des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es qui en fin de compte, comptent.<\/p>\n

Fosso Yimga Manuella est stagiaire de la politique \u00e0 l’Institut Politique Nkafu de la Fondation Denis et Lenora Foretia.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article published online at\u00a0http:\/\/bit.ly\/19zMwMw Selon la Constitution du Cameroun, la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_eb_attr":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14,26,61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-public-health-topics","category-httpwww-foretiafoundation-orgpolicy-advocacy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n"The future we want: what older persons are saying". 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